Cultural And Structural Theories

Cultural And Structural TheoriesDefining wellness has eer been relative close totimes it is defined in terms of good health (feeling fit), bad health (free from pain and discomfort), and in terms of rang of task an person is able to perform (functional). However, WHO (1948) Health is a state of complete physical, psychic and social sanitary-being and non merely the absence of disease or infirmity. A resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. The medical dictionary define bedridness as disease of body or mind poor health sickness. horticulture is the way of life of a group of people, lodge or community, it consist of beliefs, behavior, values, norms, customs, langu period, institutions etc common to the members of the group, indian lodge or community.Culture can influence the exposition of health and illness. Cultural address explains that health dif ferences can best be understood in terms of our way of life as society and as an individual and on the social configuration in which we rein ourselves, the trim the social mannequin the worse the health issues.Cultural approach is of the opinion that poor health is due to our diet, habits life style. In some non westbound culture, a big person is seen as healthy and the contract person is seen as ill, and is encour recovered to eat more, where as in the western world, been fat is seen as a death warrant.Some cultures do not believe in going to the doctors when they argon ill, they rather use a local remedy. Cultural approach completely blame the individual for his /her health problems because they do not follow a healthy life style, the sear subject (1980) similarly accepted this explanation, but acknowledged the fact that up to now does that lead a healthy life, still suffer from same ill health as those that does the opposite e.g. non smokers at the risk of lung cancer . The report suggested that differences in social circle factors only account for 25% of social class inequities in health and illness.More so, the structural approach, accepts the behavioral explanation to health differences, but claims that the behavioral approach fail to look at the broader background of inequality. Thus, poor health is as a result of the working tally to which some people have no choice but to be subjected to given the present income distribution and access to opportunity.In explaining the structural approach, the red ink perspective of health and illness leave alone be analyzed. The key boldness of Marxist is the tattle of production (structure of the society) which brought virtually division of labor, which in p beat reflect in the derivation of social classes. Marxist believes that health outcomes for whatsoever society are influenced by the economy body in ii waysLevel of production industrial diseases and injuries, stress- related illness, envir onment pollution, elegant food, chemical additives.Income distribution standard of living is measured by wealthiness and income-living condition, access to health care, diet, educational opportunities, and recreational opportunities.The black report (1980) as well as agrees with this view, as finding lapses to show that adverse social condition is momentous to the social pattering of health and illness in the society.Task 2 military rank OF THE EVIDENCE OF REGIONAL VARIATIONS AND INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH AND affectionThis essay will be outlining and evaluating the evidence of variation in health and illness. To evaluate these issues both material evidences from the Guardian News paper will be analysed. The beginning is LOCAL INEQUALITIES MARK MAP OF WELLBEING (24/09/2008) will be referred as APPENDIX A. This essay will excessively evaluate sociological explanations for health inequalities such as cultural, structural, functional perspectives. Reports produced by the government and independent look into will be applied in evaluating these regional variations. concomitant A covered the disparities in the health and conduct of people in incompatible parts of England. The findings made by the report regarding health disparities areWomen in disastrouspool are 8 times more likely to smokes during pregnancy than women from capital of Virginia upon Thames.Average 5year old in Blackburn suffers 7 times more tooth annihilation than 5year olds in Lichfield and Staffordshire.Teenage pregnancy rate in Lambeth south capital of the United Kingdom is more than 6 times that of Rutland.Obesity rate among children starting instill in Hackney, east London is 3 time the rate in Teedale.The research was done using 30 key indicators, of which none was mentioned in the report. The report agreed that despite government effort to eradicate health inequalities, the gap in health between the social classes in society keep increasing. The report agrees with the structural persp ective, which blames health inequalities on the economy system (capitalist state) of the society, as captured in paragraph 5 lines 4-6, addressing the issue of child distress the tax system. This can be backed by the finding of the Black report (1980) which opined that health standard is directly linked to social class and social economics factors such as poor housing, education, income and environment.The findings in Appendix A, was published and distributed to every local councils in the UK, so health thespian in every region can devise solution to keep back their respective health issues.Finding made by the report (APPENDIX A) regarding behaviour cannot be explained entirely by relative poverty. The findings on behaviour areLambeth despite having the worst teenage pregnancy problem in England, it also has the best figure for breastfeeding. More than 90% of mothers breastfeed in Lambeth compared to 33% in Knowsley, Merseyside.Malvern Hills, west Devon and south Shropshire, almo st all children of develop age engage with at least two hours of high quality PE /school sport a week compared to only 2/3 of children in Newcastle-under Lyme and Surrey Heath.Kensington and Chelsea has the highest life expectancy, for both man and women compared to Manchester and Liverpool, they eat the highest proportion of fruit and vegetables and the last-place rate of premature death rate caused by cancer. But was in the bottom 10 in England for problems relating to substance demoralise among people aged 15 to 64.The higher up findings can be related to the cultural approach, which lay emphasis on the cultural choices of the individual / group such as life style, diet, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. And partly in relation to the structural approach, for Lambeth, thither was increase of awareness on the importance of breastfeeding, for Malvern Hills, there is also the increase of awareness of the importance of exercise as for Kensington and Chelsea abuse of substa nce might be due to life style and in the main because they are wealthy.Task 3MOST SIGNIFICANT FACTORS INFLUENCING THE HEALTH AND malady IN A COMMUNITYMany factors influence health and global well being of a community. These range from individual factors, such as generic make up, age, gender and lifestyle, socio-economic, cultural and environment factors.Despite the above factors, the once that are most significant influence on a community health and well being are referred to as the wider epitope of health. These are educational attainment, employment status, housing and the environment. Because these wider determinants interact with other factors it is surd to evaluate the respective contribution of each determinant to eventual health outcomes.Educational Attainment From unlike perspective of sociology and the finding of the Black report (1980), it is evidence that educational attainment plays an important part in the general well being of the society. According to the Blac k report (1980), while, the general health of the nation had improved, theses improvements have not been equal across all the motley social classes. And the gap between the lower and higher social levels continue to widen. The report on Appendix A also highlighted this difference, when Knowsley borough found it effortful to educate mothers to on the importance of breastfeeding (paragraph 17). The situation in Knowsley can also be interpreted as a cultural trend inside the women.Employment Status Cultural approach opined that those in social class four and five eat less nutritious diet than those in social class one and two, structural argues however, that, due to income inequality, those in lower classes cannot enjoy the lifestyle of the rich in society and suffer more illness as a result of their job. Appendix B indicates that unemployment brings about poverty and social exclusion. It also shows that Barnet borough unemployment rate increased from 68.7% in 2006 to 71.2% in 2007, but remained below England average.Task 4BALANCING HEALTH AND ILLNESS IN A COMMUNITYKeeping the community well legal profession they say is better than cure. Unhealthy habits are passed on from generation as indicated in Appendix A, paragraph 7, lines 4-5. Barnet council plans to support their community to live a healthy lifestyle, to stop them from getting avoidableHealth workers in the various county/ boroughs should work in preventing the particular health problems of their local population as indicated in Appendix A paragraph 3.Government should embark, on health plans that are long term.